North America comprises three principal continental nations—Canada, the United States, and Mexico—alongside Central American countries, including Costa Rica, Panama, and Guatemala, as well as numerous island states of the Caribbean, such as Cuba, Jamaica, the Bahamas, and Haiti. In total, North America encompasses 23 sovereign nations and various territories, extending from the Arctic region to the Isthmus of Panama and across the Caribbean Sea.
The continent is bordered by the Arctic Ocean to the north, the Atlantic Ocean to the east, the Pacific Ocean to the west, and the Isthmus of Panama to the south. Its climate exhibits considerable variation, ranging from Arctic tundras in the north to deserts in the southwest, and tropical zones in the southeast.
Mainland North America (Northern America):
Central America:
Caribbean Islands:
| Country | Area (km²) | Population | Density (per km²) | Capital |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 🇨🇦Canada | 9,984,670 | 41,000,000 | 4.1 | Ottawa |
| 🇺🇸United States | 9,833,520 | 345,000,000 | 35.1 | Washington, D.C. |
| 🇲🇽Mexico | 1,964,375 | 131,000,000 | 66.7 | Mexico City |
| 🇧🇿Belize | 22,966 | 430,000 | 18.7 | Belmopan |
| 🇨🇷Costa Rica | 51,100 | 5,250,000 | 102.7 | San José |
| 🇸🇻El Salvador | 21,041 | 6,300,000 | 299.4 | San Salvador |
| 🇬🇹Guatemala | 108,889 | 18,500,000 | 169.9 | Guatemala City |
| 🇭🇳Honduras | 112,492 | 10,600,000 | 94.2 | Tegucigalpa |
| 🇳🇮Nicaragua | 130,373 | 7,000,000 | 53.7 | Managua |
| 🇵🇦Panama | 75,417 | 4,500,000 | 59.7 | Panama City |
| 🇦🇬Antigua and Barbuda | 442 | 94,000 | 212.7 | St. John's |
| 🇧🇸Bahamas | 13,943 | 400,000 | 28.7 | Nassau |
| 🇧🇧Barbados | 430 | 282,000 | 655.8 | Bridgetown |
| 🇨🇺Cuba | 109,884 | 10,950,000 | 99.7 | Havana |
| 🇩🇲Dominica | 751 | 72,000 | 95.9 | Roseau |
| 🇩🇴Dominican Republic | 48,671 | 11,300,000 | 232.2 | Santo Domingo |
| 🇬🇩Grenada | 344 | 113,000 | 328.5 | St. George's |
| 🇭🇹Haiti | 27,750 | 11,700,000 | 421.6 | Port-au-Prince |
| 🇯🇲Jamaica | 10,991 | 2,830,000 | 257.5 | Kingston |
| 🇰🇳Saint Kitts and Nevis | 261 | 48,000 | 183.9 | Basseterre |
| 🇱🇨Saint Lucia | 616 | 180,000 | 292.2 | Castries |
| 🇻🇨Saint Vincent and the Grenadines | 389 | 104,000 | 267.4 | Kingstown |
| 🇹🇹Trinidad and Tobago | 5,130 | 1,530,000 | 298.2 | Port of Spain |
Related: Countries of Europe